Summary
of Research journal
During this semester for this unit, research
frontier, two literature reviews have been elaborated. That is literature
review on podcasting in higher education, and research methodology: design-based
research. This research journal helped to identify the process of research, and
interim check. Generally journal represents the steps: 1. Finding interests, 2.
Finding related resources, 3. Formulate research question & Amended research
question, 4. Draw the draft of research, 5. Update the references, 6. Elaborate
literature review. The journal is available at http://mlsnt.blogspot.com/
1. Finding Interest
As the beginner of educational research, I have tried
to find the interesting topics to study from reading recent educational
journals. I could have accessed informative research journals from library
search or google (scholar). I have archived in journal, see the week 13 log, for
the next research purpose. It is possible to subscribe RSS feed from the
website, so it will be convenient way to do so to receive the notices of next
issue.
2. Finding related resources
The resources are usually from the electronic
journals which I have logged in week 13. Library and google scholar was useful
resources too. Only recently I started trying of using Mendeley to manage my
literatures. The pdf files of research paper can be synchronizing with Mendeley
online so anyone can access their references list without own laptop. I need to
keep track of resources for efficiency.
3. Formulate research question & Amended research
question
Finding from the two literature review experiences
is that initial research questions are always changing as I read more papers.
Not sure what is the standard or right way to formulate the research questions.
For me, at least, set up the holistic questions of chosen area, and
conceptualize real questions as I read worked. For example, during assignment
one, initial research question was on M-learning which is broader concept, then
after two weeks I looked further into podcasting. Assignment two carried out a
bit different way. Initially I decided to look at DBR as practical approach but
later it changed to more theoretical way.
4. Draw the draft of research
After finish the research question, set up the
structure of the report and read appropriately. It was not easy to find the
information from the papers sometime. That is I assume that I couldn’t have
enough understanding of the paper or researchers intend..
5. Update the references
References were updated as I read the paper. When I
read more and more, interesting papers come out. Note taking skill need to be
improved not to miss the point and go back again.
6. Elaborate literature review.
From the reading literature based on the draft, next
step was elaborating further. Coherent and cohesive writing was challenging. I
have spent too much time on planning stage so less time on writing, time
allocation needs to be improved for next research.
<Week 3-4>
Finding
interests
I
have tried to find my interests to start my research. As Lina mentioned, I
tried to read recent journals to pick up anything makes me interested. That
worked. Mobile learning is pretty interesting topic so I have started searching
information and stared to read anything draws my attention.
Topic:
Mobile technologies and Learning
The
world world is talking about the mobile, its new devices and new technologies
releasing almost every day. It is no exaggeration to say that people can’t live
without the benefit of mobile technologies.
There have been many researches and studies on mobile learning so far
and still significant findings are ongoing. Through this work, I would like to
find out what
Research
Questions
l
Definition
of M-learning and what is the benefit of m-learning?
l
Is
there any field of study (language or any other field?) specialized on
m-learning?
l
What
kind of significant projects have been done and what are the new mobile
technologies and why are they relevant to learning?
l
What
is current status of m-learning development and what practices have been done?
is it effective for learner’s prospective?
l
What
is the future of mobile technologies in Education and what will be the
limitations on m-learning?
Research structure
Most
likely research will be based on the journals or books.
Key words
Mobile
learning, M-learning, Mobile technologies, mobile technologies and learning,
mobile training,
References
Where
is mobile learning going?PDF
Understanding
Learners’ Perspectives on M-Learning: Results from a Survey
http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1560000/1551728/a6-liu.pdf?ip=129.78.32.21&CFID=35236866&CFTOKEN=50542560&__acm__=1313065098_72c6d4788955fce79d420123d349cd31
Use
of Mobile learning technology to Train ESL adults PDF
An
overview of Mobile assisted language learning PDF
Mobile
Learning projects - a critical analysis of the state of the art
Mobile
learning- review of the literature
http://eprints.biblio.unitn.it/archive/00000359/01/009.pdf
Literature
review in Mobile technologies and learning PDF
<Week 5-6>
Change the topic (scope) of
the research from M-learning to Podcasting
For
last six weeks, it was not easy for me to grasp the idea of literature review
as a first comer into the academic area of post graduate as well as learning
science area. Initially I misunderstood that literature review is kind of
comparison of other researcher's work. But it seems broader than that. My
understanding of literature review, considering of not doing research stream,
is that examine the current studies within the topic and identify what the key
issues are.
I
chose the topic of Mobile learning at the first time. I had interesting to see
how mobile learning can be implemented to the language learning methodology.
Then I came across to the podcasting, the more I search in, the more I found
interests. So I decided to look further. Now my stage is to examine:
Literature Review
What is the podcasting &
what kind of uses are exist?
podcast
is a mix of the words ‘iPod' and ‘broadcast'. there are different opinions who
has coined this term for the first time. I want to search more about the
history of podcast later. at this moment, I'm looking at the main uses of
podcasting in higher education such as (1) course lectures (2) supplementary
material (3) other activity. I may need to list in the table to see more
friendly.
current work and reading
list is mentioned on google docs
the
literature appears to be lacking with respect to the use of podcasting as an
educational innovation. One must wonder why this knowledge gap exists. Since
podcasting is relatively new, it is possible that the research is currently
taking place and has not yet reached the publication stage. (Lombard, 2011)
Diffusion
of innovation theory (Rogers, 2003)
Everett
Rogers defines diffusion as the process by which an innovation is communicated
through certain channels over time among the members of a social system
(Everett Rogers 1995).
Diffusion
of innovation is an accepted framework for educational research, and podcasting
is establishing itself as an educational innovation; perhaps this convergence
will lead to more studies into the use of podcasting throughout education
(Lombard, 2011)
Purpose
of his research (Lombard, 2011)
The
purpose of this descriptive case study was to describe the experiences of
community college faculty as they adopt and integrate podcasting technology
into their teaching. These experiences are viewed through the lens of diffusion
of innovation theory. An examination of the diffusion of podcasting in a
community college will help colleges understand the experiences of faculty as
they consider, adopt, and use podcasting.Providing a picture of one college‘s
experience may help other colleges as they design their own innovative
environments.
Significance
of the Study (Lombard,2011)
An
examination of podcasting and its diffusion throughout a community college will
enlighten the field of instructional technology regarding technological
innovations in community colleges and provide possible directions for future
experimental studies on podcasting.
*diffusion
of innovation theory focuses on the perceived effectiveness of an innovation
*
Lombard, 2011, mentioned educational radio in 1920s as a Precursors of podcast
Theory
in Podcast
articles
suggest that the ability to pause, rewind, and skip parts of the lecture are a
significant advantage of ATS. These results can transfer to modern times, as
podcast technology offers the possibility of mass distribution of audio and
―print‖ resources via the Internet (PC Magazine
Encyclopedia, 2009).
Perhaps
the most important advantage of podcasting falls not in the cognitive domain
but in the affective domain. (Lombard, 2011)
On
one hand, podcasting is similar to other audio recording technologies, at least
from a pedagogical standpoint. On the other hand, the online availability, the
portability and variety of listening devices, and the ability to enhance
podcasts with video all suggest that podcasting can be used differently than
simple audio recording and is therefore an innovation unto itself.(Lombard
2011)
Belanger,
Y. (2005). Duke University iPod first-year experience final evaluation report.
Retrieved February 26, 2009, from http://cit.duke.edu/pdf/reports/ipod_initiative_04_05.pdf
<Week 7-8>
Complete
the reading list, Draft of literature review on podcasting in higher education.
This
week, I draw the structure of the literature review. As I got advice from Lina,
I have created the tables of definitions and characteristics to organize the
differences. Not much empirical research on podcasting, less than I expected,
compared with its popularity.
Draft
of Literature review
l
Definition
& Characteristics of podcasting
l
Different
Uses of Podcasting
l
Benefits
l
Limitations
l
Impacts
Reading List of Podcasting
in Higher Education
Ducate,
L., & Lomicka, L. (2009). Podcasting: An Effective Tool For Honing Language
Students’ Pronunciation? LANGUAGE LEARNING & TECHNOLOGY, 13(3), 66-86.
Hammersley,
B. (2004) ‘Audible Revolution’, Media Guardian, URL (accessed 06 September
2011):
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia?INTCMP=SRCH
Heilesen,
S. B. (2010). What is the academic efficacy of podcasting? COMPUTERS &
EDUCATION, 55(3), 1063-1068.
Hew,
K. F. (2009). Use of audio podcast in K-12 and higher education: A review of
research topics and methodologies. Educational Technology Research and
Development, 57(3), 333-357.
Jowitt,
Angela. (2008). Perceptions and usage of library instructional podcasts by
staff and students at new zealand's universal college of learning (UCOL).
Reference Services Review, 36(3), 312-336.
Lazzari,
M. (2008). Creative use of podcasting in higher education and its effect on
competitive agency. COMPUTERS & EDUCATION, 52(1), 27-34
Lombardo,
T. (2011). Podcasting in a community college: A case study.
Dissertation/Thesis.
Lonn,
S., & Teasley, S. D. (2009). Podcasting in higher education: What are the
implications for teaching and learning? INTERNET AND HIGHER EDUCATION, 12(2),
88-92.
McGarr,
O. (2009). A review of podcasting in higher education: Its influence on the
traditional lecture. AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, 25(3),
309-321.
McKinney,
D., Dyck, J. L., & Luber, E. S. (2008). iTunes University and the
classroom: Can podcasts replace Professors? COMPUTERS & EDUCATION, 52(3),
617-623
McKinney,
A. A., & Page, K. (2008). Podcasts and videostreaming: Useful tools to
facilitate learning of pathophysiology in undergraduate nurse education? Nurse
Education in Practice, 9(6), 372-376.
Murphy,
B. (2008). Podcasting in higher education. ITNow, 50(3), 22-23.
Rosell-Aguilar,
F. (2007). Top of the pods-in search of a podcasting "podagogy" for
language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20(5), 471-492.
Vogele,
C., & Gard, E. T. (2006). Podcasting for corporations and universities:
Look before you leap. Journal of Internet Law, 10(4), 3-13.
<Week 9-10>
Start working on Assignment
2: Literature review on Research Methodology
This
week, I have thought about what I would do for my second assignment. I was
interested to look into research methods, especially in Design-based research
so I have found literatures related to design-based research. For the last two
decades, design-based research has become an increasingly popular form of
educational research for those interested in producing change in actual
learning settings and understanding the factors that support or hinder reform
(Kelly & Lesh, 2000; Sandoval, 2004). There are many papers beginning of
design-based research up to now.
Research Questions:
l
How
to apply DBR to research,
l
What
is the benefit of DBR?
l
What
is the difference between DBR and other approaches?
Key words
Research
methodology, design-based learning, design experiments, development
experiments, laboratory experiments, formative research, action research
References on Design-based
research
Barab,
S., & Squire, K. (2004). Design-based research: Putting a stake in the
ground. JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 13(1), 1-14. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/stable/pdfplus/1466930.pdf?acceptTC=true
Bell,
P. (2004). On the theoretical breadth of design-based research in education. Educational
Psychologist, 39(4), 243-253.
Brown,
A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in
creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning
Sciences, 2(2), 141-178.
Cobb,
P., Confrey, J., diSessa, A., Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2003). Design
experiments in educational research. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 9-13.
Collins,
A. (1992). Toward a design science of education. In E. Scanlon & T. O'Shea
(Eds.), New directions in educational technology, Berlin: Springer-Verlag1,
992.
Collins,
A. (1999). The changing infrastructure of education research. In E. Lagemann
& L. Shulman
(Eds.),
Issues in education research (pp. 289–298). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Collins,
A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004). Design research: Theoretical and
methodological issues. JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 13(1), 15-42.
Design-Based
Research Collective. (2003). Design-based research: An emerging paradigm for
educational inquiry. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 5-8. Retrieved from
http://www.designbasedresearch.org/reppubs/DBRC2003.pdf
Joseph,
D. (2004). The Practice of Design-Based Research: Uncovering the Interplay
Between Design, Research, and the Real-World Context, Educational Psychologist,
39(4), 235-242
Reeves,
T. C. (2000). Enhancing the worth of instructional technology research through
“design experiments” and other development research strategies. Paper presented
at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New
Orleans; Retrieved April, 2006 from
Http://it.coe.uga.edu/~treeves/AERA2000Reeves.pdf
Sandoval,
W. A., & Bell, P. (2004). Design-based research methods for studying
learning in context: Introduction. Educational Psychologist, 39(4), 199-201.
Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy2.library.usyd.edu.au/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15326985ep3904_1
Sandoval,
W. A. (2004). Developing Learning Theory by Refining Conjectures Embodied in
Educational Designs, Educational Psychologist, 39(4), 213-223
Tabak,
I. (2004). Reconstructing Context: Negotiating the Tension Between Exogenous
and Endogenous Educational Design, Educational Psychologist, 39(4), 225-233
Wang,
F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2004). Using design-based research in design and
research of technology-enhanced learning environments. Paper presented at the
Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.
Wang,
F., & Hannafin, M. (2005). Design-based research and technology enhanced
learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4),
5-23.
Kelly,
A. E., Lesh, R. A., & Baek, J. Y. (2008) Handbook of design research
methods in education; innovations in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics learning and teaching .
<Week 11-12>
Scope of the research &
Draft of Literature review
I
have enjoyed the reading the papers regarding design-based research. Especially
the journal ‘Educational Researcher, 32(1)’ released the special issue for
design-based research so I have read all of them. Initially I was intended to
focus on the practical side of design-based research, how to apply to research,
what is the benefit, what are the differences between DBR and other approaches,
however, those readings directed me to the definition of DBR and its origins.
It is a lot of amount for defining how researchers started DBR as their new
research paradigm and how it has been developed. Papers in the reading list has
been updated.
Amended research questions.
l
Where
is the DBR from?
l
What
is the Relationship between DBR and other approaches
l
The
Needs and challenges for Design-Based Research
Draft of Literature review
An
Introduction to Design-Based Research
l
Design
experiments
l
Development
research (and developmental research)
l
Design-based
research
Relationship
between Other Approaches
l
Design-based
research verses laboratory experiments
l
Design-based
research VS formative evaluation
The
Needs and challenges for Design-Based Research
<Week 13>
DBR expert interview videos
& useful resources for Education research including DBR
This
week I have watched the interviews of DBR researchers such as Barab, Bannan, Cobb, Collins, Kelly, Hoadley, and Sandoval. It is available on
the website created by University of Georgia students. It was really
informative and feel more interactive than only papers. When I have almost
finalized the draft now, I could understand better on the DBR. It would be next
step to use this approach to my research next time. Till then, finding the
interesting topic for the research will be needed.
Useful Journal list
l Australasian
Journal of Educational Technology
The
Australasian Journal of Educational Technology is a refereed academic
journal publishing research and review articles in educational technology,
information and communications technologies for education, online and
e-learning, educational design, multimedia, computer assisted learning, and related
areas.
l Educational
Psychologist
The
scholarly essays, reviews, critiques, and theoretical and conceptual articles
featured in this exceptional journal contribute to understanding issues,
problems, and research concerning all aspects of educational psychology. From
meta-analyses of studies probing the effectiveness of teaching methods to
historical examinations of textbook standards, the journal provides insightful
explorations of new educational concepts and accepted educational practices.
The journal, however, does not publish articles whose primary purpose is to
report the methods and results of an empirical study.
l Educational
Researcher
Educational
Researcher (ER) is published nine times per year and is received by all members
of AERA. It contains scholarly articles of general significance to the
educational research community from a wide range of disciplines. ER's Features
section publishes articles that report, synthesize, or analyze scholarly
inquiry, focusing on manuscripts that examine the significance of research in
education and developments important to the field of educational research.
l Educational
Technology Research and Development
ü The
only scholarly journal for the field focusing entirely on research and
development in educational technology.
ü Research
Section features well documented articles on the practical aspects of research
as well as applied theory in educational practice, a comprehensive source of
current research information in instructional technology.
ü Development
Section publishes articles concerned with the design and development of
learning systems and educational technology applications.
l Journal
of the Learning Sciences
The Journal of the Learning Sciences provides
a multidisciplinary forum for the presentation of research on learning and
education. The journal seeks to foster new ways of thinking about learning that
will allow our understanding of cognition and social cognition to have impact
in education. It publishes research articles that advance our understanding of
learning in real-world situations and of promoting learning in such venues,
including articles that report on the roles of technology can play in promoting
deep and lasting learning. The Journal of the Learning Sciences promotes
engaging and thoughtful participation in learning activities, and articles
reporting on new methodologies that enable rigorous investigation of learning
in real-world situations
l Computers
& Education
Computing and communication technology continue to
make an ever-increasing impact on all aspects of cognition, education and
training, from primary to tertiary and in the growing open and distance
learning environment. The journal is an established technically-based,
interdisciplinary forum for communication in the use of all forms of computing
in this socially and technologically significant area of application and will
continue to publish definitive contributions to serve as a reference standard
against which the current state-of-the-art can be assessed.
l
International
Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning http://www.springerlink.com/content/120055/?p=557c49493d594bae8b5519cacc9f630a&pi=0
ü
Examines
how to design the technological settings for collaboration and how people learn
in the context of collaborative activity
ü
Fosters
a deep understanding of the nature, theory, and practice of computer-supported
collaborative learning (CSCL)
ü
Investigates
the use of CSCL in education, business, and society
ü
Discusses
the psychological, social, and technological impact of CSCL on individuals,
groups, and society
l Journal of Educational Technology & Society
Educational Technology & Society is a quarterly journal
(January, April, July and October), seeks academic articles on the issues affecting the developers of
educational systems and educators who implement and manage such systems. The
articles should discuss the perspectives of both communities and their relation
to each other:
Useful Website for DBR
l Design
based research collective
The
Design-Based Research Collective is a small group of researchers who engage in
design-based research, often in technology enhanced learning environments to
recognize the need to better define the nature, methods, and outcomes of
design-based research.
Useful:
references publication regarding DBR including DBRC
l Design-based
Research EPSS
Design-based
Research EPSS has been created by Instructional Technology Ph.D. Studnets at
the University of Georgia.
Useful:
includes peer tutorial, bibliography with texts online, expert interview, etc.
l EduTechWiki
EduTechWiki
is about Educational Technology
(instructional technology) and related fields. It is hosted by TECFA
- an educational technology research and teaching unit at University of Geneva.
Useful:
a resource kit for educational technology teaching and research
